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1 strengthening effect
strengthening effect Verfestigungswirkung fEnglish-German dictionary of Architecture and Construction > strengthening effect
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2 strengthening effect
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > strengthening effect
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3 strengthening effect
English-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > strengthening effect
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4 strengthening effect
Англо-русский металлургический словарь > strengthening effect
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5 strengthening effect
Металлургия: упрочняющее влияние, эффект упрочнения -
6 strengthening effect
Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > strengthening effect
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7 strengthening effect
The English-Russian dictionary on reliability and quality control > strengthening effect
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8 strengthening
strengthening ['streŋθənɪŋ]1 noun(a) (physical → of body, muscle) raffermissement m; (→ of voice) renforcement m; (→ of hold, grip) resserrement m(b) (increase → of emotion, effect, desire) renforcement m, augmentation f, intensification f; (reinforcement → of character, friendship, position) renforcement m; (→ of wind, current) renforcement mfortifiant, remontant; Medicine tonifiant;∎ to have a strengthening effect on sb fortifier qnUn panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > strengthening
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9 strengthening
A n (of building, equipment) consolidation f ; ( of solution) concentration f ; ( of numbers of people) renforcement m ; the rioting called for a strengthening of the police presence l'émeute a nécessité un renforcement des forces de police.B adj [current, wind] qui augmente de forces (after n) ; [currency, pound] qui se consolide (after n) ; the dollar fell today against a strengthening pound le dollar a chuté aujourd'hui alors que la livre s'est consolidée ; the news had a strengthening effect on the market la nouvelle a raffermi le marché. -
10 strengthening
n.• corroboración s.f.['streŋθǝnɪŋ]1.ADJ (physically) fortificante, tonificantestrengthening exercises — ejercicios mpl fortificantes or tonificantes
this may have a strengthening effect on the economy — puede que esto tenga un efecto fortificante en la economía
2. N1) [of arm, back, muscles] fortalecimiento m2) (fig) [of currency, stock market] fortalecimiento m, consolidación f ; [of prices] afianzamiento m -
11 strengthening
1. прочностный; упрочняющий; упрочнение2. упрочнение; усиление3. усиливать; укреплениеСинонимический ряд:1. elaboration (noun) addition; amplification; augmentation; elaboration; embellishment; enlargement; increase2. confirming (verb) confirming; fortifying; hardening3. encouraging (verb) animating; cheering; encouraging; heartening; nerving4. energizing (verb) energizing; invigorating; reinforcing; tightening5. readying (verb) bracing; forearming; girding; preparing; readying; steeling6. toughening (verb) toughening -
12 strengthening
1. укрепление; упрочнение2. усиливающий; усиливающийсяThe English-Russian dictionary general scientific > strengthening
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13 effect
эффект, влияние; ( воз) действие; результат; pl. явления; производить, вызывать, выполнять3-D effect — пространственный [стереоскопический] эффект
come into ground effect — попадать в зону [область] влияния (близости) земли
effect of model support — влияние державки [системы подвески] модели
effect of prelaunch environment — ркт. влияние предпусковых (внешних) условий
out of ground effect — без [при отсутствии] влияния (близости) земли
structural effects of impact — прочность [поведение конструкции] при ударных нагрузках
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14 effect
1. действие2. эффект3. влияние4. результат, следствие6. производить7. вызыватьablation effect — влияние абляции, эффект абляции
after effect — последействие
anisotropic effect — эффект анизотропии
area effect — влияние поверхности
ballistic effect — баллистический эффект
Barkhausen effect — эффект Баркгаузена (скачкообразное изменение намагниченности ферромагнетиков при непрерывном изменении внешних условий)
Bauschinger effect — эффект Баушингера (уменьшениие сопротивления кристаллического материала пластической деформации после предварительной малой пластической деформации противоположного знака)
binding effect — эффект связывания, связывающее [сцепляющее] действие
Cherenkov effect — эффект [свечение] Черенкова (свечение, вызываемое в прозрачной среде заряженной частицей, которая движется со скоростью, превышающей фазовую скорость распространения света в этой среде)
corrosion effect — воздействие коррозии
creep effect — влияние ползучести
crevice effect — щелевой эффект
cross-linking effect — влияние структурирования
cryogenic radiation effect — влияние облучения при криогенных температурах
Dember effect — эффект Дембера, фотодиффузионный эффект
diamagnetic effect — диамагнитный [магнитный поляризационный] эффект
dielectric relaxation effect — диэлектрический релаксационный эффект
diffraction effect — эффект дифракции
effect of aging — эффект старения
effect of humidity — влияние влажности
effect of prelaunch environmental — влияние предпусковых условий
effect of quenching — влияние закалки
effect of resin content — влияние содержания смолы
effect of shrinkage — влияние усадки
elastooptic effect — упругооптический эффект
electrochemical effect — электрохимический эффект
electrooptical effect — электрооптический эффект
elevated-temperature effect — влияние повышенной температуры
embrittling effect — влияние охрупчивания
environmental effect — влияние [воздействие] окружающей среды
erosion effect — влияиие эрозии
external Rehbinder effect — внешний эффект Ребиндера, внешний адсорбционный эффект понижения прочности
Faraday effect — эффект Фарадея (вращение плоскости поляризации света при распространении его в веществе вдоль линий магнитного поля)
galvanomagnetic effect — гальваномагнитный эффект
gettering effect — 1) эффект генерирования 2) газопоглощение, геттерирование
Hall effect — эффект Холла (возникновение поперечной разности потенциалов при помещении проводника с постоянным током в магнитное поле)
heat effect — тепловой эффект, теплотворная способность
high-temperature effect — влияние высокой температуры
inhibiting effect — задерживающее влияние, антикоррозионное [антиокислительное] действие
internal photoelectric effect — внутренний фотоэффект
internal Rehbinder effect — внутренний эффект Ребиндера, внутренний адсорбционный эффект понижения прочности
irradiation effect — влияние облучения
isotropic effect — изотропный эффект
Johnson effect — эффект Джонсона
Kaiser effect — эффект Кайзера ( акустоэмиссионный эффект памяти материалов)
Kelvin effect — поверхностный эффект, скин-эффект
Kirkendall effect — эффект Киркендалла (смещение границы раздела двух веществ при различии диффузионных потоков из одного вещества в другое; из-за разности этих потоков вблизи границы раздела появляется пористость)
low-temperature effect — влияние низкой температуры
magnetoelastic effect — магнитоупругий эффект, магнитострикция
magnetoelectric effect — магнитоэлектрический эффект
magnetooptical effect — магнитооптический эффект
magnetoresistive effect — гальваномагнитный эффект, эффект Холла
moire effect — муаровый эффект
moisture effect — влияние влажности
Mossbauer effect — эффект Мессбауэра ( резонансное испускание и поглощение гамма-лучей без отдачи)
neutron irradiation effect — влияние нейтронного облучения
notch effect — влияние [эффект] надреза ( при механических испытаниях)
optical Stark effect — оптический эффект Штарка (расщепление спектральных линий атомов и молекул, попавших в сильное электрическое поле)
orientation effect — ориентационный эффект, влияние степени ориентации
packing effect — степень упаковки
Peltier effect — явление [эффект] Пельтье, обратный термоэлектрический эффект
photoelastic effect — фотоупругий эффект
piezoelectric effect — пьезоэлектрический эффект
piezooptical effect — пьезооптический эффект
processing effect — результаты обработки; влияние технологии
quenching effect — влияние закалки
radiation effect — действие излучения, влияние облучения; действие проникающей радиации
radiation-hardening effect — эффект упрочнения облучением
radiative effect — радиационный эффект
Raman effect — комбинационное рассеяние света
re-entry effect — влияние входа в плотную атмосферу
Rehbinder effect — эффект Ребиндера, адсорбционный эффект понижения прочности
reinforcing effect — влияние армирования
repeated stress effect — действие повторных нагрузок
shielding effect — эффект теплозащиты [экранирования]
shrinkage effect — эффект усадки
size effect — 1) масштабный фактор [эффект] 2) влияние аппретирования
skin effect — поверхностный эффект, скин-эффект
Soret effect — эффект Соре, термодиффузия
space environmental effect — влияние космических условий
space radiation effect — влияние космического излучения
Stark effect — эффект Штарка (расщепление и сдвиг спектральных линий атомов и молекул во внешнем электрическом поле)
static fatigue effect — действие статической усталости
strengthening effect — упрочняющий эффект, эффект упрочнения
stress concentration effect — влияние концентрации напряжений
temperature effect — влияние температуры, температурный эффект
thermal effect — тепловой [термический] эффект
thermoelastic effect — термоупругий эффект
thermomagnetic effect — термомагнитный эффект
transpiration cooling effect — эффективность испарительного охлаждения
tunneling effect — туннельный эффект
vibration effect — воздействие вибраций
Zeeman effect — эффект [явление] Зеемана ( расщепление линий атомных спектров в магнитном поле)
zero g effect — влияние невесомости
English-Russian dictionary of aviation and space materials > effect
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15 strengthening
упрочнение; усиление; повышение концентрацииEnglish-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > strengthening
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16 strengthening
adj. закрепнувачки; have a strengthening effect on sth закрепнува/зацврстува/зајакнува нешто -
17 precipitation strengthening
1. дисперсионное упрочнение2. дисперсионное твердениеEnglish-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > precipitation strengthening
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18 solid-solution strengthening
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > solid-solution strengthening
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19 Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 31 December 1888 Thizy, Rhône, Franced. 15 August 1960 Fontenoy-aux-Roses, France[br]French metallurgist, inventor of the alloys Elinvar and Platinite and of the method of strengthening nickel-chromium alloys by a precipitate ofNi3Al which provided the basis of all later super-alloy development.[br]Soon after graduating from the Ecole des Mines at St-Etienne in 1910, Chevenard joined the Société de Commentry Fourchambault et Decazeville at their steelworks at Imphy, where he remained for the whole of his career. Imphy had for some years specialized in the production of nickel steels. From this venture emerged the first austenitic nickel-chromium steel, containing 6 per cent chromium and 22–4 per cent nickel and produced commercially in 1895. Most of the alloys required by Guillaume in his search for the low-expansion alloy Invar were made at Imphy. At the Imphy Research Laboratory, established in 1911, Chevenard conducted research into the development of specialized nickel-based alloys. His first success followed from an observation that some of the ferro-nickels were free from the low-temperature brittleness exhibited by conventional steels. To satisfy the technical requirements of Georges Claude, the French cryogenic pioneer, Chevenard was then able in 1912 to develop an alloy containing 55–60 per cent nickel, 1–3 per cent manganese and 0.2–0.4 per cent carbon. This was ductile down to −190°C, at which temperature carbon steel was very brittle.By 1916 Elinvar, a nickel-iron-chromium alloy with an elastic modulus that did not vary appreciably with changes in ambient temperature, had been identified. This found extensive use in horology and instrument manufacture, and even for the production of high-quality tuning forks. Another very popular alloy was Platinite, which had the same coefficient of thermal expansion as platinum and soda glass. It was used in considerable quantities by incandescent-lamp manufacturers for lead-in wires. Other materials developed by Chevenard at this stage to satisfy the requirements of the electrical industry included resistance alloys, base-metal thermocouple combinations, magnetically soft high-permeability alloys, and nickel-aluminium permanent magnet steels of very high coercivity which greatly improved the power and reliability of car magnetos. Thermostatic bimetals of all varieties soon became an important branch of manufacture at Imphy.During the remainder of his career at Imphy, Chevenard brilliantly elaborated the work on nickel-chromium-tungsten alloys to make stronger pressure vessels for the Haber and other chemical processes. Another famous alloy that he developed, ATV, contained 35 per cent nickel and 11 per cent chromium and was free from the problem of stress-induced cracking in steam that had hitherto inhibited the development of high-power steam turbines. Between 1912 and 1917, Chevenard recognized the harmful effects of traces of carbon on this type of alloy, and in the immediate postwar years he found efficient methods of scavenging the residual carbon by controlled additions of reactive metals. This led to the development of a range of stabilized austenitic stainless steels which were free from the problems of intercrystalline corrosion and weld decay that then caused so much difficulty to the manufacturers of chemical plant.Chevenard soon concluded that only the nickel-chromium system could provide a satisfactory basis for the subsequent development of high-temperature alloys. The first published reference to the strengthening of such materials by additions of aluminium and/or titanium occurs in his UK patent of 1929. This strengthening approach was adopted in the later wartime development in Britain of the Nimonic series of alloys, all of which depended for their high-temperature strength upon the precipitated compound Ni3Al.In 1936 he was studying the effect of what is now known as "thermal fatigue", which contributes to the eventual failure of both gas and steam turbines. He then published details of equipment for assessing the susceptibility of nickel-chromium alloys to this type of breakdown by a process of repeated quenching. Around this time he began to make systematic use of the thermo-gravimetrie balance for high-temperature oxidation studies.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Société de Physique. Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur.Bibliography1929, Analyse dilatométrique des matériaux, with a preface be C.E.Guillaume, Paris: Dunod (still regarded as the definitive work on this subject).The Dictionary of Scientific Biography lists around thirty of his more important publications between 1914 and 1943.Further Reading"Chevenard, a great French metallurgist", 1960, Acier Fins (Spec.) 36:92–100.L.Valluz, 1961, "Notice sur les travaux de Pierre Chevenard, 1888–1960", Paris: Institut de France, Académie des Sciences.ASDBiographical history of technology > Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
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20 hardening
1. n закаливание2. n с. -х. закалка, закаливание3. n тех. упрочнение4. n тех. затвердение5. n тех. гидрогенизация6. n тех. наведение глазури, глянцевание7. n тех. воен. укрепление; защита от взрыва8. n тех. элк. жестчение9. n тех. фото обработка в дубящем растворе10. n тех. мед. склерозированиеСинонимический ряд:1. compression (noun) cohesion; compaction; compression; concentration; condensation; consolidation; crystallization; residue; runoff2. seasoning (verb) acclimating; acclimatising; acclimatizing; casehardening; seasoning; stiffening; toughening3. setting (verb) caking; concreting; congealing; drying; indurating; petrifying; setting; solidifying4. strengthening (verb) confirming; fortifying; strengthening
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